The U.S. Supreme Court ruled against two veterans who contended that their disability claims were unfairly denied, despite the evidence in their cases being evenly balanced.

In a 7-2 decision, the court held that the U.S. Court of Appeals for Veterans Claims does not have to review the Department of Veterans Affairs’ use of the “benefit-of-the-doubt” rule in most cases. The rule requires the VA to approve a veteran’s claim when the evidence for and against approval is nearly equal, Military.com reported.

Justice Clarence Thomas, writing for the majority, clarified that the VA claims court and the Federal Circuit Court, which upheld the lower court’s decision, were not legally required to conduct a benefit-of-the-doubt review in these specific cases.

Instead, Thomas wrote in his March 5 ruling that the claims court was required only to examine the cases for any errors made by the claims adjudicators or the Board of Veterans Appeals, the outlet reported.

“We hold that the Veterans Court must review the VA’s application of the rule the same way it would any other determination — by reviewing legal issues [from the beginning] and factual issues for clear error,” Thomas wrote.

In the case Bufkin v. Collins, two veterans presented their arguments. Joshua Bufkin, who served in the Air Force from 2005 to 2006, filed a disability claim for post-traumatic stress disorder roughly seven years after leaving the service. As an airman, he struggled to complete the training required to become a military policeman, attributing his difficulties to marital stress. Court records indicate that Bufkin claimed his wife threatened suicide if he continued in the military, leading him to request a hardship discharge.

When Bufkin later applied for VA healthcare and benefits, he maintained that his issues were service-related. However, disagreements among VA doctors regarding both his PTSD diagnosis and its connection to his service resulted in the rejection of his claim.

Norman Thornton, a former Army soldier who served from 1988 to 1991 and deployed during the 1990-1991 Persian Gulf War, initially received a 10% disability rating for PTSD, which was subsequently raised to 50%. Thornton appealed, arguing that his rating should have been even higher.
In both instances, the Veterans Board of Appeals reviewed the evidence—finding that Bufkin’s evidence was conflicting and that Thornton’s did not support a higher disability rating.

The Veterans Court of Appeals later found that the claims adjudicators and the board had made no errors, though it did not perform a benefit-of-the-doubt review. On appeal, the Federal Circuit Court of Appeals also agreed that such a review was unnecessary.
In their petition to the Supreme Court, the plaintiffs argued that the law clearly mandates that veterans receive the benefit of the doubt. However, Thomas stated that they failed to establish a legal argument, noting that the veterans court can only overturn a decision in the presence of a clear error.

“After closely examining the way in which the VA conducts the approximate balance inquiry [of benefit-of-the-doubt evidence], we conclude it is a predominantly factual question and thus subject to clear-error review,” Thomas wrote.

Justices Ketanji Brown Jackson and Neil Gorsuch disagreed, Military.com reported. Jackson, in a dissent, wrote that veterans are entitled to have “any reasonable doubt on a material issue” resolved in their favor as Congress intended.